Micro Bluetooth Gateway

Lansitec

Platform: ThingsBoard
Hardware Type: Gateways
Connectivity: LoRaWAN
Industry: Smart Cities, Smart Buildings, Industrial Manufacturing, Security
Use Case: Smart Office, Fleet Tracking

Micro Bluetooth Gateway is designed based on LoRaWAN and Bluetooth 5.0 technology. It receives nearby beacon information and forwards it to a LoRaWAN gateway. It is powered by 8000mAh industrial battery with a standby time as long as 6 years (Bluetooth receive duration is 60s in every one hour LoRa report interval).

Prerequisites

To continue with this guide we will need the following:

Configuration

Only ThingsBoard Cloud works when using direct communication from this device to ThingsBoard via MQTT.

You may use ThingsBoard PE on-premises or ThingsBoard Cloud when using ThingsBoard Integrations.

To create an integration with a network server please choose first one of the supported network servers:

Add a gateway on the Chirpstack

We need to add a gateway on the Chirpstack.

To add a gateway, follow next steps:

Login to Chirpstack server. Go to the “Gateways” page and click on the “Add gateway” button.
Fill name, Gateway ID (It will be different, you can find it on the gateway control panel) with your data, scroll down and click on the “Submit” button.
The gateway is added. In gateways tab you can see its status.

Add device profile on the Chirpstack

Login to Chirpstack server. Go to the “Device profiles” page and click on Add device profile button.
Fill in the required fields.
Go to the Codec tab, select JavaScript functions from the Payload codec dropdown menu, and paste the decoder function. Then click the Submit button.

Decode function:

// Decode uplink function.
//
// Input is an object with the following fields:
// - bytes = Byte array containing the uplink payload, e.g. [255, 230, 255, 0]
// - fPort = Uplink fPort.
// - variables = Object containing the configured device variables.
//
// Output must be an object with the following fields:
// - data = Object representing the decoded payload.
// Micro Bluetooth Gateway decoder
function decodeUplink(input) {
// bytes
    var bytes = input.bytes;
// type
    var uplinkType = (bytes[0] >> 4) & 0x0f;
    switch (uplinkType) {
        case 0x01:
            return {data: decodeRegistration(bytes)};
        case 0x02:
            return {data: decodeHeartbeat(bytes)};
        case 0x03:
            return {data: decodeDeviceReportRule(bytes)};
        case 0x05:
            return {data: decodeWaterLevelDetection(bytes)};
        case 0x08:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType1(bytes)};
        case 0x09:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType2(bytes)};
        case 0x0a:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType3(bytes)};
        case 0x0e:
            return {data: decodeMultiDeviceTypeMessage(bytes)};
        case 0x0f:
            return {data: decodeAcknowledgment(bytes)};
        default:
            return null;
    }
}

// type: 0x1 Registration
function decodeRegistration(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "Registration";
// adr
    data.adr = ((bytes[0] >> 3) & 0x1) == 0 ? "OFF" : "ON";
// mode
    data.mode = bytes[0] & 0x07;
// loRaWANBand
    var loRaWANBandValue = bytes[1];
    if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x00) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "KR920";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x01) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "AU915";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x04) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "CN470";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x08) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "AS923";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x10) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "EU433";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x20) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "EU868";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x40) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "US915";
    }// power
    data.power = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x1f) + "dBm";
// continuousBleReceiveEnable
    data.continuousBleReceiveEnable =
        ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x1) == 0 ? "Disable" : "Enable";
// dr
    data.dr = (bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x0f;
// positionReportInterval
    data.positionReportInterval =
        (((bytes[4] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[5] & 0xff)) * 5 + "s";
// heartbeatInterval
    data.heartbeatInterval = bytes[6] * 30 + "s";
// bleReceivingDuration
    data.bleReceivingDuration = bytes[7] + "s";
// networkReconnectionInterval
    data.networkReconnectionInterval = bytes[8] * 5 + "min";
    return data;
}

// type: 0x2 Heartbeat
function decodeHeartbeat(bytes) {
    var data = {};
// type
    data.type = "Heartbeat";
// battery
    var batteryValue = bytes[1];
    if (batteryValue > 100) {
        data.battery = bytes[1] / 100 + 1.5 + "V";
    } else {
        data.battery = bytes[1] + "%";
    }
// rssi
    data.rssi = bytes[2] * -1 + "dBm";
// snr
    data.snr = (((bytes[3] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[4] & 0xff)) / 100 + "dB";
// version
    data.version = ((bytes[5] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[6] & 0xff);
// chargeState
    var chargeStateValue = bytes[7] & 0xff;
    if (chargeStateValue == 0x00) {
        data.chargeState = "Not charging";
    } else if (chargeStateValue == 0x50) {
        data.chargeState = "Charging";
    } else if (chargeStateValue == 0x60) {
        data.chargeState = "Charging completed";
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0x3 DeviceReportRule
function decodeDeviceReportRule(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "DeviceReportRule";
    data.deviceTypeQuantity = bytes[1] & 0xff;
    data.deviceTypeId = (bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x0f;
    data.filterAndDataBlockQuantity = bytes[2] & 0x0f;
    var filterBlock = [];
    var dataBlock = [];
    var macBlock = [];
    var index = 3;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.filterAndDataBlockQuantity; i++) {
        var ruleType = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var startAddress = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var endAddress = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var filter = {};
        if (ruleType == 1) {
            filter.ruleType = "FilterBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            var len = endAddress - startAddress;
            var filterValue = "";
            for (let j = 0; j < len + 1; j++) {
                filterValue += byteToHex(bytes[index + j]);
            }
            filter.value = filterValue;
            index = index + (endAddress - startAddress + 1);
            filterBlock.push(filter);
        } else if (ruleType == 2) {
            filter.ruleType = "DataBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            dataBlock.push(filter);
        } else if (ruleType == 3) {
            filter.ruleType = "MACBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            macBlock.push(filter);
        }
    }
    data.filterBlock = filterBlock;
    data.dataBlock = dataBlock;
    data.macBlock = macBlock;
    return data;
}

// type: 0x5 WaterLevelDetection
function decodeWaterLevelDetection(bytes) {
    var data = {};
// type
    data.type = "WaterLevelDetection";
    data.waterLevel = (((bytes[1] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[2] & 0xff)) +
        "mm";
    return data;
}

// type: 0x8 DeviceType1
function decodeDeviceType1(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType1",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0x9 DeviceType2
function decodeDeviceType2(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType2",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xa DeviceType3
function decodeDeviceType3(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType3",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1]).toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xe MultiDeviceTypeMessage
function decodeMultiDeviceTypeMessage(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "MultiDeviceTypeMessage",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var index = 1 + 6 * i;
        var deviceTypeId = bytes[index];
        var major = ((bytes[index + 1] << 8) | bytes[index + 2])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 3] << 8) | bytes[index + 4])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 5] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["deviceTypeId" + (i + 1)] = deviceTypeId;
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 6;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xf Acknowledgment
function decodeAcknowledgment(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "Acknowledgment";
    data.result = (bytes[0] & 0x0f) == 0 ? "Success" : "Failure";
    data.msgId = (bytes[1] & 0xff).toString(16).toUpperCase();
    return data;
}

function byteToHex(str) {
    return str.toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(2, "0");
}

Add a device on the Chirpstack

Go to the Applications page and click on Add application button.
Enter name and click Submit button.
Click Add device.
Fill in the required fields with your device information and specify the previously created device profile.
Go to the Variables tab, enter the value for ThingsBoardAccessToken, and click the Submit button.
Put your Application key to the field and click on Submit button to save the device.

Configure application integration with ThingsBoard

Go to the Integrations page, find and select the ThingsBoard.
Enter the URL of your ThingsBoard server and click Submit button.

Create device on ThingsBoard

Go to the Devices page.
Click on Add device button.
Fill in the device name and click the Next: Credentials button.
Enter the device Access token (previously copied Device EUI value) and click the Add button.
Click on the device to open device information window.
Go to the Latest telemetry tab to view device reported data.

Add a gateway on The Things Stack Community Edition

We need to add a gateway on The Things Stack Community Edition.

To add a gateway, you can follow next steps:

Login to the cloud and open your console.
Go to the Home page press the “Register gateway” button.
Put information about the gateway (gateway EUI) and click the “Register gateway”button.
The gateway is added. You can see its status - disconnected.

Add a device on The Things Stack Community Edition

We need to add a device on The Things Stack Community Edition.

To add a device, you can follow next steps:

Go to the Applications page. Then select your application and click on its name.
Click on the Register end device button.
Put the APP EUI value to the JoinEUI field. Then, press the Confirm button.
Fill the rest parameters and press Register end device button.

Configure Payload Formatter

Go to the Payload formatters page and select Custom Javascript formatter for Formatter type. Paste the decode function and click Save changes button.

Go to the **Payload formatters** page and select **Custom Javascript formatter** for **Formatter type**. Paste the decoder function and click **Save changes** button.

Decode function:

// Decode uplink function.
//
// Input is an object with the following fields:
// - bytes = Byte array containing the uplink payload, e.g. [255, 230, 255, 0]
// - fPort = Uplink fPort.
// - variables = Object containing the configured device variables.
//
// Output must be an object with the following fields:
// - data = Object representing the decoded payload.
// Micro Bluetooth Gateway decoder
function decodeUplink(input) {
// bytes
    var bytes = input.bytes;
// type
    var uplinkType = (bytes[0] >> 4) & 0x0f;
    switch (uplinkType) {
        case 0x01:
            return {data: decodeRegistration(bytes)};
        case 0x02:
            return {data: decodeHeartbeat(bytes)};
        case 0x03:
            return {data: decodeDeviceReportRule(bytes)};
        case 0x05:
            return {data: decodeWaterLevelDetection(bytes)};
        case 0x08:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType1(bytes)};
        case 0x09:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType2(bytes)};
        case 0x0a:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType3(bytes)};
        case 0x0e:
            return {data: decodeMultiDeviceTypeMessage(bytes)};
        case 0x0f:
            return {data: decodeAcknowledgment(bytes)};
        default:
            return null;
    }
}

// type: 0x1 Registration
function decodeRegistration(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "Registration";
// adr
    data.adr = ((bytes[0] >> 3) & 0x1) == 0 ? "OFF" : "ON";
// mode
    data.mode = bytes[0] & 0x07;
// loRaWANBand
    var loRaWANBandValue = bytes[1];
    if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x00) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "KR920";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x01) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "AU915";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x04) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "CN470";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x08) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "AS923";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x10) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "EU433";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x20) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "EU868";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x40) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "US915";
    }
// power
    data.power = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x1f) + "dBm";
// continuousBleReceiveEnable
    data.continuousBleReceiveEnable =
        ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x1) == 0 ? "Disable" : "Enable";
// dr
    data.dr = (bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x0f;
// positionReportInterval
    data.positionReportInterval =
        (((bytes[4] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[5] & 0xff)) * 5 + "s";
// heartbeatInterval
    data.heartbeatInterval = bytes[6] * 30 + "s";
// bleReceivingDuration
    data.bleReceivingDuration = bytes[7] + "s";// networkReconnectionInterval
    data.networkReconnectionInterval = bytes[8] * 5 + "min";
    return data;
}

// type: 0x2 Heartbeat
function decodeHeartbeat(bytes) {
    var data = {};
// type
    data.type = "Heartbeat";
// battery
    var batteryValue = bytes[1];
    if (batteryValue > 100) {
        data.battery = bytes[1] / 100 + 1.5 + "V";
    } else {
        data.battery = bytes[1] + "%";
    }
// rssi
    data.rssi = bytes[2] * -1 + "dBm";
// snr
    data.snr = (((bytes[3] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[4] & 0xff)) / 100 + "dB";
// version
    data.version = ((bytes[5] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[6] & 0xff);
// chargeState
    var chargeStateValue = bytes[7] & 0xff;
    if (chargeStateValue == 0x00) {
        data.chargeState = "Not charging";
    } else if (chargeStateValue == 0x50) {
        data.chargeState = "Charging";
    } else if (chargeStateValue == 0x60) {
        data.chargeState = "Charging completed";
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0x3 DeviceReportRule
function decodeDeviceReportRule(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "DeviceReportRule";
    data.deviceTypeQuantity = bytes[1] & 0xff;
    data.deviceTypeId = (bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x0f;
    data.filterAndDataBlockQuantity = bytes[2] & 0x0f;
    var filterBlock = [];
    var dataBlock = [];
    var macBlock = [];
    var index = 3;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.filterAndDataBlockQuantity; i++) {
        var ruleType = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var startAddress = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var endAddress = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var filter = {};
        if (ruleType == 1) {
            filter.ruleType = "FilterBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            var len = endAddress - startAddress;
            var filterValue = "";
            for (let j = 0; j < len + 1; j++) {
                filterValue += byteToHex(bytes[index + j]);
            }
            filter.value = filterValue;
            index = index + (endAddress - startAddress + 1);
            filterBlock.push(filter);
        } else if (ruleType == 2) {
            filter.ruleType = "DataBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            dataBlock.push(filter);
        } else if (ruleType == 3) {
            filter.ruleType = "MACBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            macBlock.push(filter);
        }
    }
    data.filterBlock = filterBlock;
    data.dataBlock = dataBlock;
    data.macBlock = macBlock;
    return data;
}

// type: 0x5 WaterLevelDetection
function decodeWaterLevelDetection(bytes) {
    var data = {};
// type
    data.type = "WaterLevelDetection";
    data.waterLevel = (((bytes[1] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[2] & 0xff)) + "mm";
    return data;
}

// type: 0x8 DeviceType1
function decodeDeviceType1(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType1",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0x9 DeviceType2
function decodeDeviceType2(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType2",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xa DeviceType3
function decodeDeviceType3(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType3",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xe MultiDeviceTypeMessage
function decodeMultiDeviceTypeMessage(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "MultiDeviceTypeMessage",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var index = 1 + 6 * i;
        var deviceTypeId = bytes[index];
        var major = ((bytes[index + 1] << 8) | bytes[index + 2])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 3] << 8) | bytes[index + 4])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 5] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["deviceTypeId" + (i + 1)] = deviceTypeId;
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 6;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xf Acknowledgment
function decodeAcknowledgment(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "Acknowledgment";
    data.result = (bytes[0] & 0x0f) == 0 ? "Success" : "Failure";
    data.msgId = (bytes[1] & 0xff).toString(16).toUpperCase();
    return data;
}

function byteToHex(str) {
    return str.toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(2, "0");
}

Create integration in ThingsBoard

Next we will create “The Things Stack” (TTS) integration inside the ThingsBoard.

At first, copy the code, we will need it to create the uplink converter:

var data = decodeToJson(payload);
var deviceName = data.end_device_ids.device_id;
var deviceType = data.end_device_ids.application_ids.application_id;

var result = {
  deviceName: deviceName,
  deviceType: deviceType,
  telemetry: data.uplink_message.decoded_payload
};

return result;

In the “Connect”step, you will need the following parameters:

Region: eu1 (region where your application was registered inside The Things Stack Community)
Username: thingsboard-application-2025-06@ttn (use Username from integration on TTS)
Password: use Password from integration on The Things Stack Community

Now, navigate to the “Integrations” page under the “Integrations center” section and follow this steps:

Click “plus” icon in the upper right corner to add new integration. Select type “The Things Stack Community”. Then, click “Next” button.
Paste the previously copied script to the Decoder function section. Click “Next” button.
Leave the “Downlink data converter” field empty. Click on “Skip” button.
Next, fill in the fields with your parameters. After, press “Add” button.

Add a gateway on The Things Industries

We need to add a gateway on The Things Industries cloud.

To add a gateway, you can follow next steps:

Login to the cloud and open your console.
Go to the Home page press the “Register gateway” button.
Put information about the gateway (gateway EUI) and click the “Register gateway”button.
The gateway is added. You can see its status - disconnected.

Add a device on The Things Industries

We need to add a device on The Things Industries cloud.

To add a device, you can follow next steps:

Go to the Applications page. Then select your application and click on its name.
Click on the Register end device button.
Put the APP EUI value to the JoinEUI field. Then, press the Confirm button.
Fill the rest parameters and press Register end device button.

Configure Payload Formatter

Go to the Payload formatters page and select Custom JavaScript formatter as the Formatter type. Paste the decode function into the editor and click the Save changes button.

Decode function:

// Decode uplink function.
//
// Input is an object with the following fields:
// - bytes = Byte array containing the uplink payload, e.g. [255, 230, 255, 0]
// - fPort = Uplink fPort.
// - variables = Object containing the configured device variables.
//
// Output must be an object with the following fields:
// - data = Object representing the decoded payload.
// Micro Bluetooth Gateway decoder
function decodeUplink(input) {
// bytes
    var bytes = input.bytes;
// type
    var uplinkType = (bytes[0] >> 4) & 0x0f;
    switch (uplinkType) {
        case 0x01:
            return {data: decodeRegistration(bytes)};
        case 0x02:
            return {data: decodeHeartbeat(bytes)};
        case 0x03:
            return {data: decodeDeviceReportRule(bytes)};
        case 0x05:
            return {data: decodeWaterLevelDetection(bytes)};
        case 0x08:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType1(bytes)};
        case 0x09:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType2(bytes)};
        case 0x0a:
            return {data: decodeDeviceType3(bytes)};
        case 0x0e:
            return {data: decodeMultiDeviceTypeMessage(bytes)};
        case 0x0f:
            return {data: decodeAcknowledgment(bytes)};
        default:
            return null;
    }
}

// type: 0x1 Registration
function decodeRegistration(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "Registration";
// adr
    data.adr = ((bytes[0] >> 3) & 0x1) == 0 ? "OFF" : "ON";
// mode
    data.mode = bytes[0] & 0x07;
// loRaWANBand
    var loRaWANBandValue = bytes[1];
    if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x00) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "KR920";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x01) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "AU915";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x04) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "CN470";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x08) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "AS923";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x10) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "EU433";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x20) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "EU868";
    } else if (loRaWANBandValue == 0x40) {
        data.loRaWANBand = "US915";
    }
// power
    data.power = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x1f) + "dBm";
// continuousBleReceiveEnable
    data.continuousBleReceiveEnable =
        ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x1) == 0 ? "Disable" : "Enable";
// dr
    data.dr = (bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x0f;
// positionReportInterval
    data.positionReportInterval =
        (((bytes[4] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[5] & 0xff)) * 5 + "s";
// heartbeatInterval
    data.heartbeatInterval = bytes[6] * 30 + "s";
// bleReceivingDuration
    data.bleReceivingDuration = bytes[7] + "s";
// networkReconnectionIntervaldata.networkReconnectionInterval = bytes[8] * 5 + "min";
    return data;
}

// type: 0x2 Heartbeat
function decodeHeartbeat(bytes) {
    var data = {};
// type
    data.type = "Heartbeat";
// battery
    var batteryValue = bytes[1];
    if (batteryValue > 100) {
        data.battery = bytes[1] / 100 + 1.5 + "V";
    } else {
        data.battery = bytes[1] + "%";
    }
// rssi
    data.rssi = bytes[2] * -1 + "dBm";
// snr
    data.snr = (((bytes[3] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[4] & 0xff)) / 100 + "dB";
// version
    data.version = ((bytes[5] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[6] & 0xff);
// chargeState
    var chargeStateValue = bytes[7] & 0xff;
    if (chargeStateValue == 0x00) {
        data.chargeState = "Not charging";
    } else if (chargeStateValue == 0x50) {
        data.chargeState = "Charging";
    } else if (chargeStateValue == 0x60) {
        data.chargeState = "Charging completed";
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0x3 DeviceReportRule
function decodeDeviceReportRule(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "DeviceReportRule";
    data.deviceTypeQuantity = bytes[1] & 0xff;
    data.deviceTypeId = (bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x0f;
    data.filterAndDataBlockQuantity = bytes[2] & 0x0f;
    var filterBlock = [];
    var dataBlock = [];
    var macBlock = [];
    var index = 3;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.filterAndDataBlockQuantity; i++) {
        var ruleType = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var startAddress = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var endAddress = bytes[index++] & 0xff;
        var filter = {};
        if (ruleType == 1) {
            filter.ruleType = "FilterBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            var len = endAddress - startAddress;
            var filterValue = "";
            for (let j = 0; j < len + 1; j++) {
                filterValue += byteToHex(bytes[index + j]);
            }
            filter.value = filterValue;
            index = index + (endAddress - startAddress + 1);
            filterBlock.push(filter);
        } else if (ruleType == 2) {
            filter.ruleType = "DataBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            dataBlock.push(filter);
        } else if (ruleType == 3) {
            filter.ruleType = "MACBlock";
            filter.startAddress = byteToHex(startAddress);
            filter.endAddress = byteToHex(endAddress);
            macBlock.push(filter);
        }
    }
    data.filterBlock = filterBlock;
    data.dataBlock = dataBlock;
    data.macBlock = macBlock;
    return data;
}

// type: 0x5 WaterLevelDetection
function decodeWaterLevelDetection(bytes) {
    var data = {};
// type
    data.type = "WaterLevelDetection";
    data.waterLevel = (((bytes[1] << 8) & 0xff00) | (bytes[2] & 0xff)) + "mm";
    return data;
}

// type: 0x8 DeviceType1
function decodeDeviceType1(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType1",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0x9 DeviceType2
function decodeDeviceType2(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType2",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xa DeviceType3
function decodeDeviceType3(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "DeviceType3",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var major = ((bytes[index] << 8) | bytes[index + 1])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 2] << 8) | bytes[index + 3])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 4] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 5;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xe MultiDeviceTypeMessage
function decodeMultiDeviceTypeMessage(bytes) {
    var data = {
        type: "MultiDeviceTypeMessage",
        number: bytes[0] & 0x0f,
    };
    var index = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < data.number; i++) {
        var index = 1 + 6 * i;
        var deviceTypeId = bytes[index];
        var major = ((bytes[index + 1] << 8) | bytes[index + 2])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var minor = ((bytes[index + 3] << 8) | bytes[index + 4])
            .toString(16)
            .toUpperCase()
            .padStart(4, "0");
        var rssi = bytes[index + 5] - 256 + "dBm";
        data["deviceTypeId" + (i + 1)] = deviceTypeId;
        data["beacon" + (i + 1)] = major + minor;
        data["rssi" + (i + 1)] = rssi;
        index = index + 6;
    }
    return data;
}

// type: 0xf Acknowledgment
function decodeAcknowledgment(bytes) {
    var data = {};
    data.type = "Acknowledgment";
    data.result = (bytes[0] & 0x0f) == 0 ? "Success" : "Failure";
    data.msgId = (bytes[1] & 0xff).toString(16).toUpperCase();
    return data;
}

function byteToHex(str) {
    return str.toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(2, "0");
}

Create integration in ThingsBoard

Next, we will create the “TheThingsIndustries” integration inside the ThingsBoard.

At first, copy the code, we will need it to create the uplink converter:

var data = decodeToJson(payload);
var deviceName = data.end_device_ids.device_id;
var deviceType = data.end_device_ids.application_ids.application_id;

var result = {
  deviceName: deviceName,
  deviceType: deviceType,
  telemetry: data.uplink_message.decoded_payload
};

return result;

In the “Connect”step, you will need the following parameters:

Region: eu1 (region where your application was registered inside The Things Industries Console);
Username: thingsboard-application-2025-05@lansitec-testplan (use Username from integration on The Things Stack Industries);
Password: use Password from integration on The Things Industries.

Now, navigate to the “Integrations” page under the “Integrations center” section and follow this steps:

Click “plus”icon in the upper right corner to add new integration. Select type “The Things Industries Integration”. Then, click “Next” button.
Paste the previously copied script to the Decoder function section. Click “Next” button.
Leave the “Downlink data converter”field empty. Click on “Skip”button.
Next, fill in the fields with your parameters. After, press “Add” button.

Add a gateway on the Loriot

We need to add a gateway on the Loriot.

To add a gateway, you can follow next steps:

Login to Loriot server. Open the “Sample network” or create a new one in the “Networks” section.
Click on the “Add Gateway” button.
Scroll down and select “MultiTech Conduit AEP”.
Scroll up and put information about the gateway MAC Address (Just remove FFFF or FFFE in the middle of gateway EUI) into eth0 MAC address and gateway EUI to Custom EUI field.
The gateway is added. You can see its status - disconnected.

Add a device on the Loriot

We need to add a device on the Loriot.

To add a device, you can follow next steps:

Login to Loriot server. We use eu2.loriot.io, but it depends on chosen region during registration.
Go to the “Applications” page in left menu.
Open your application, in our case it is “SampleApp”.
Go to the “Enroll Device” page. Fill in the fields, with a configuration from your device. Then click the “Enroll” button.

Create integration in ThingsBoard

Next we will create an integration with Loriot inside the ThingsBoard.

At first, copy the code, we will need it to create the uplink converter:

var data = decodeToJson(payload);
var deviceName = data.end_device_ids.device_id;
var deviceType = data.end_device_ids.application_ids.application_id;

var result = {
  deviceName: deviceName,
  deviceType: deviceType,
  telemetry: data.uplink_message.decoded_payload
};

return result;

Now, navigate to the “Integrations” page under the “Integrations center” section and follow this steps:

Click “plus” icon button in the upper right corner to add new integration. Select type “Loriot”. Then, click “Next” button.
Paste the previously copied script to the Decoder function section. Click “Next” button.
Leave the “Downlink data converter” field empty. Click on “Skip”button.
Next, fill in the fields with your parameters. After, press “Add” button.

Check data on ThingsBoard

So, the device was added and if it sends any data - it should appear in the devices. To check it you may open Devices page in Entities section. The device should be in devices list. You can check the data by click on it and open tab Attributes or Latest telemetry.

You should now see data from the device.

In order to get more user-friendly view - you can use dashboards. You can download a simple dashboard for this device, it is configured to display a data from “latitude” and “longitude” telemetry keys for device with name “Devices”.

ThingsBoard provides the ability to create and customize interactive visualizations (dashboards) for monitoring and managing data and devices. Through ThingsBoard dashboards, you can efficiently manage and monitor your IoT devices and data. So, we will create the dashboard, for our device.

To add the dashboard to ThingsBoard, we need to import it. To import a dashboard, follow these steps:

First download the Check and control device data dashboard file.

Navigate to the “Dashboards” page. By default, you navigate to the dashboard group “All”. Click on the “plus” icon in the top right corner. Select “Import dashboard”.
In the dashboard import window, upload the JSON file and click “Import” button.
Dashboard has been imported.

To open the imported dashboard, click on it. Then you should specify your device in entity alias of the dashboard.

To do this, follow these steps:

Open the dashboard and enter edit mode. Click the “Entity aliases” icon, then in the pop-up window click the “Edit alias” icon next to the alias.
In edit alias window select your device from dropdown list and save entity alias.
Apply all changes.

You should now see data from the device.

Example of the dashboard with data:

Conclusion

With the knowledge outlined in this guide, you can easily connect your Asset Management Tracker and send data to ThingsBoard.

Explore the platform documentation to learn more about key concepts and features. For example, configure alarm rules or dashboards.